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MTM | habituative transmitter gate | d[dt: yki(t)] = H*(K - yki) - L*fk(xk)*yki |
LTM | gated steepest descent learning | d[dt: zki(t)] = Mk*fk(xk)*(hi(xi) - zki) |
Mass action: | d[dt: xi] = | -A*xi | +(B - xi)*Ii | -xi*sum[k≠i: Ik] |
Turn on unexcited sites | Turn off excited sites |
xi = B*Ii/(A + I) = B*θi*I/(A + I) = θi* B*I/(A + I) | No saturation! Infinite dynamical range Automatic gain control Compute ratio scale Weber law |
x = sum[k-1 to n: xk] = B*I/(A + I) ≤ B | Conserve total activity NORMALIZATION Limited capacty Real-time probability |
V | Voltage |
V(+), V(-), V(p) | Saturating voltages |
g(+), g(-), g(p) | Conductances |
left eye | binocular | right eye | ||
V4 binocular surface | ||||
V2 monocular surface | V2 layer 2/3 binocular boundary | V2 monocular surface | ||
V2 layer 4 binocular boundary | ||||
V1 monocular surface | V1 monocular boundary | V1 binocular boundary | V1 monocular boundary | V1 monocular surface |
LGN | LGN |
bottom-up filters | top-down expectations | purpose |
instar learning | outstar learning | p200fig05.13 Expectations focus attention: [in, out]star often used to learn the adaptive weights. top-down expectations to select, amplify, and synchronize expected patterns of critical features, while suppressing unexpected features |
LGN Lateral Geniculate Nucleus | V1 cortical area | p192fig05.06 focus attention on expected critical features |
EC-III entorhinal stripe cells | CA1 hippocampal place cells | p600fig16.36 entorhinal-hippocampal system has properties of an ART spatial category learning system, with hippocampal place cells as the spatial categories |
auditory orienting arousal | auditory category | p215fig05.28 How a mismatch between bottom-up and top-down patterns can trigger activation of the orienting system A and, with it, a burst of nonspecific arousal to the category level. ART Matching Rule: TD mismatch can suppress a part of F1 STM pattern, F2 is reset if degree of match < vigilance |
auditory stream with/without [silence, noise] gaps | perceived sound continues? | p419fig12.17 The auditory continuity illusion: Backwards in time - How does a future sound let past sound continue through noise? Resonance! |
visual perception, learning and recognition of visual object categories | motion perception, spatial representation and target tracking | p520fig14.02 pART predictive Adaptive Resonance Theory. Many adaptive synapses are bidirectional, thereby supporting synchronous resonant dynamics among multiple cortical regions. The output signals from the basal ganglia that regulate reinforcement learning and gating of multiple cortical areas are not shown. red - cognitive-emotional dynamics green - working memory dynamics black - see [bottom-up, top-down] lists |
EEG with mismatch, arousal, and STM reset events | expected [P120, N200, P300] event-related potentials (ERPs) | p211fig05.21 Sequences of P120, N200, and P300 event-related potentials (ERPs) occur during oddball learning EEG experiments under conditions that ART predicted should occur during sequences of mismatch, arousal, and STM reset events, respectively. |
Cognitive | Emotional | p541fig15.02 nSTART neurotrophic Spectrally Timed Adaptive Resonance Theory: Hippocampus can sustain a Cognitive-Emotional resonance: that can support "the feeling of what happens" and knowing what event caused that feeling. Hippocampus enables adaptively timed learning that can bridge a trace conditioning gap, or other temporal gap between Conditioned Stimuluus (CS) and Unconditioned Stimulus (US). |
white | general microcircuit : a possible component of ART architecture |
lime green | sensory perception [attention, expectation, learn]. Table includes [see, hear, !!*must add touch example*!!], no Grossberg [smell, taste] yet? |
light blue | post-perceptual cognition? |
pink | "the feeling of what happens" and knowing what event caused that feeling |
How to compute the pattern-sensitive variable: | θi = Ii / sum[k=1 to n: Ik]? |
Needs interactions! What type? | θi = Ii / sum[k ≠ i: Ik] |
Mass action: | d[dt: xi] = | -A*xi | +(B - xi)*Ii | -xi*sum[k≠i: Ik] |
Turn on unexcited sites | Turn off excited sites |
xi = B*Ii/(A + I) = B*θi*I/(A + I) = θi* B*I/(A + I) | No saturation! Infinite dynamical range Automatic gain control Compute ratio scale Weber law |
x = sum[k-1 to n: xk] = B*I/(A + I) ≤ B | Conserve total activity NORMALIZATION Limited capacty Real-time probability |
V | Voltage |
V(+), V(-), V(p) | Saturating voltages |
g(+), g(-), g(p) | Conductances |
input image | feature contours | boundary contours | filled-in surface |
Synthetic Aperture Radar: sees through weather 5 orders of magnitude of power in radar return | discounting the illuminant
| boundaries complete between regions where normalized feature contrasts change | filling-in averages brightnesses within boundary compartments |
bottom-up filters | top-down expectations | purpose |
instar learning | outstar learning | p200fig05.13 Expectations focus attention: [in, out]star often used to learn the adaptive weights. top-down expectations to select, amplify, and synchronize expected patterns of critical features, while suppressing unexpected features |
LGN Lateral Geniculate Nucleus | V1 cortical area | p192fig05.06 focus attention on expected critical features |
EC-III entorhinal stripe cells | CA1 hippocampal place cells | p600fig16.36 entorhinal-hippocampal system has properties of an ART spatial category learning system, with hippocampal place cells as the spatial categories |
auditory orienting arousal | auditory category | p215fig05.28 How a mismatch between bottom-up and top-down patterns can trigger activation of the orienting system A and, with it, a burst of nonspecific arousal to the category level. ART Matching Rule: TD mismatch can suppress a part of F1 STM pattern, F2 is reset if degree of match < vigilance |
auditory stream with/without [silence, noise] gaps | perceived sound continues? | p419fig12.17 The auditory continuity illusion: Backwards in time - How does a future sound let past sound continue through noise? Resonance! |
visual perception, learning and recognition of visual object categories | motion perception, spatial representation and target tracking | p520fig14.02 pART predictive Adaptive Resonance Theory. Many adaptive synapses are bidirectional, thereby supporting synchronous resonant dynamics among multiple cortical regions. The output signals from the basal ganglia that regulate reinforcement learning and gating of multiple cortical areas are not shown. red - cognitive-emotional dynamics green - working memory dynamics black - see [bottom-up, top-down] lists |
EEG with mismatch, arousal, and STM reset events | expected [P120, N200, P300] event-related potentials (ERPs) | p211fig05.21 Sequences of P120, N200, and P300 event-related potentials (ERPs) occur during oddball learning EEG experiments under conditions that ART predicted should occur during sequences of mismatch, arousal, and STM reset events, respectively. |
Cognitive | Emotional | p541fig15.02 nSTART neurotrophic Spectrally Timed Adaptive Resonance Theory: Hippocampus can sustain a Cognitive-Emotional resonance: that can support "the feeling of what happens" and knowing what event caused that feeling. Hippocampus enables adaptively timed learning that can bridge a trace conditioning gap, or other temporal gap between Conditioned Stimuluus (CS) and Unconditioned Stimulus (US). |
white | general microcircuit : a possible component of ART architecture |
lime green | sensory perception [attention, expectation, learn]. Table includes [see, hear, !!*must add touch example*!!], no Grossberg [smell, taste] yet? |
light blue | post-perceptual cognition? |
pink | "the feeling of what happens" and knowing what event caused that feeling |
FIRST competitive stage | SECOND competitive stage |
within orientation | across orientation |
across position | within position |
visual boundary: interblob stream V1-V2-V4 | visual surface: blob stream V1-V2-V4 |
visual boundary: interblob stream V1-V2-V4 | visual motion: magno stream V1-MT-MST |
WHAT stream | WHERE stream |
perception & recognition: interferotemporal & prefrontal areas | space & action: parietal & prefrontal areas |
object tracking: MT interbands & MSTv | optic flow navigation: MT+ bands & MSTd |
motor target position: motor & parietal cortex | volitional speed: basal ganglia |
WHAT | WHERE |
spatially-invariant object learning and recognition | spatially-variant reaching and movement |
fast learning without catastrophic forgetting | continually update sensory-motor maps and gains |
IT InterferoTemporal Cortex | PPC Posterior Parietal Cortex |
What | Where | |
matching | excitatory | inhibitory |
learning | match | mismatch |
Boundary completion | Surface filling-in |
outward | inward |
oriented | unoriented |
insensitive to direction of contrast | sensitive to direction-of-contrast |
V1 layer | description |
2/3A | complex cells |
3B | binocular simple cells |
4 | monocular simple cells |
bottom-up filters | top-down expectations | purpose |
instar learning | outstar learning | p200fig05.13 Expectations focus attention: [in, out]star often used to learn the adaptive weights. top-down expectations to select, amplify, and synchronize expected patterns of critical features, while suppressing unexpected features |
LGN Lateral Geniculate Nucleus | V1 cortical area | p192fig05.06 focus attention on expected critical features |
EC-III entorhinal stripe cells | CA1 hippocampal place cells | p600fig16.36 entorhinal-hippocampal system has properties of an ART spatial category learning system, with hippocampal place cells as the spatial categories |
auditory orienting arousal | auditory category | p215fig05.28 How a mismatch between bottom-up and top-down patterns can trigger activation of the orienting system A and, with it, a burst of nonspecific arousal to the category level. ART Matching Rule: TD mismatch can suppress a part of F1 STM pattern, F2 is reset if degree of match < vigilance |
auditory stream with/without [silence, noise] gaps | perceived sound continues? | p419fig12.17 The auditory continuity illusion: Backwards in time - How does a future sound let past sound continue through noise? Resonance! |
visual perception, learning and recognition of visual object categories | motion perception, spatial representation and target tracking | p520fig14.02 pART predictive Adaptive Resonance Theory. Many adaptive synapses are bidirectional, thereby supporting synchronous resonant dynamics among multiple cortical regions. The output signals from the basal ganglia that regulate reinforcement learning and gating of multiple cortical areas are not shown. red - cognitive-emotional dynamics green - working memory dynamics black - see [bottom-up, top-down] lists |
EEG with mismatch, arousal, and STM reset events | expected [P120, N200, P300] event-related potentials (ERPs) | p211fig05.21 Sequences of P120, N200, and P300 event-related potentials (ERPs) occur during oddball learning EEG experiments under conditions that ART predicted should occur during sequences of mismatch, arousal, and STM reset events, respectively. |
Cognitive | Emotional | p541fig15.02 nSTART neurotrophic Spectrally Timed Adaptive Resonance Theory: Hippocampus can sustain a Cognitive-Emotional resonance: that can support "the feeling of what happens" and knowing what event caused that feeling. Hippocampus enables adaptively timed learning that can bridge a trace conditioning gap, or other temporal gap between Conditioned Stimuluus (CS) and Unconditioned Stimulus (US). |
white | general microcircuit : a possible component of ART architecture |
lime green | sensory perception [attention, expectation, learn]. Table includes [see, hear, !!*must add touch example*!!], no Grossberg [smell, taste] yet? |
light blue | post-perceptual cognition? |
pink | "the feeling of what happens" and knowing what event caused that feeling |
bottom-up filters | top-down expectations | purpose |
instar learning | outstar learning | p200fig05.13 Expectations focus attention: [in, out]star often used to learn the adaptive weights. top-down expectations to select, amplify, and synchronize expected patterns of critical features, while suppressing unexpected features |
LGN Lateral Geniculate Nucleus | V1 cortical area | p192fig05.06 focus attention on expected critical features |
EC-III entorhinal stripe cells | CA1 hippocampal place cells | p600fig16.36 entorhinal-hippocampal system has properties of an ART spatial category learning system, with hippocampal place cells as the spatial categories |
auditory orienting arousal | auditory category | p215fig05.28 How a mismatch between bottom-up and top-down patterns can trigger activation of the orienting system A and, with it, a burst of nonspecific arousal to the category level. ART Matching Rule: TD mismatch can suppress a part of F1 STM pattern, F2 is reset if degree of match < vigilance |
auditory stream with/without [silence, noise] gaps | perceived sound continues? | p419fig12.17 The auditory continuity illusion: Backwards in time - How does a future sound let past sound continue through noise? Resonance! |
visual perception, learning and recognition of visual object categories | motion perception, spatial representation and target tracking | p520fig14.02 pART predictive Adaptive Resonance Theory. Many adaptive synapses are bidirectional, thereby supporting synchronous resonant dynamics among multiple cortical regions. The output signals from the basal ganglia that regulate reinforcement learning and gating of multiple cortical areas are not shown. red - cognitive-emotional dynamics green - working memory dynamics black - see [bottom-up, top-down] lists |
EEG with mismatch, arousal, and STM reset events | expected [P120, N200, P300] event-related potentials (ERPs) | p211fig05.21 Sequences of P120, N200, and P300 event-related potentials (ERPs) occur during oddball learning EEG experiments under conditions that ART predicted should occur during sequences of mismatch, arousal, and STM reset events, respectively. |
Cognitive | Emotional | p541fig15.02 nSTART neurotrophic Spectrally Timed Adaptive Resonance Theory: Hippocampus can sustain a Cognitive-Emotional resonance: that can support "the feeling of what happens" and knowing what event caused that feeling. Hippocampus enables adaptively timed learning that can bridge a trace conditioning gap, or other temporal gap between Conditioned Stimuluus (CS) and Unconditioned Stimulus (US). |
white | general microcircuit : a possible component of ART architecture |
lime green | sensory perception [attention, expectation, learn]. Table includes [see, hear, !!*must add touch example*!!], no Grossberg [smell, taste] yet? |
light blue | post-perceptual cognition? |
pink | "the feeling of what happens" and knowing what event caused that feeling |
p370 Chapter 11 | means (Grossberg 2021) page 370, Chapter 11 |
p002sec Illusion and reality | means (Grossberg 2021) page 2, section Illusion and reality |
p013fig01.09 | means (Grossberg 2021) page 13, Figure 1.09 (1.9 as in book) |
p030tbl01.02 | means (Grossberg 2021) page 30, Table 1.02 (1.2 as in book) |
p111c2h0.5 | means (Grossberg 2021) page 111, column 2, height from top as fraction of page height |
|| text... | Are notes in addition to [figure, table] captions, mostly comprised of text within the image, but also including quotes of text in the book. Rarely, it includes comments by Howell preceded by "Howell". The latter are distinct from "readers notes" (see, for example : reader Howell notes). |
p044 Howell: grepStr 'conscious' | means a comment by reader Howell, extracted using the grep string shown, referring to page 44 in (Grossberg 2021) |
p370 Chapter 11 | means (Grossberg 2021) page 370, Chapter 11 |
p002sec Illusion and reality | means (Grossberg 2021) page 2, section Illusion and reality |
p013fig01.09 | means (Grossberg 2021) page 13, Figure 1.09 (1.9 as in book) |
p030tbl01.02 | means (Grossberg 2021) page 30, Table 1.02 (1.2 as in book) |
p111c2h0.5 | means (Grossberg 2021) page 111, column 2, height from top as fraction of page height |
|| text... | Are notes in addition to [figure, table] captions, mostly comprised of text within the image, but also including quotes of text in the book. Rarely, it includes comments by Howell preceded by "Howell". The latter are distinct from "readers notes" (see, for example : reader Howell notes). |
p044 Howell: grepStr 'conscious' | means a comment by reader Howell, extracted using the grep string shown, referring to page 44 in (Grossberg 2021) |
VISUAL | seeing, knowing, and reaching |
AUDITORY | hearing, knowing, and speaking |
EMOTIONAL | feeling, knowing, and acting |
type of resonance | type of consciousness |
surface-shroud | see visual object or scene |
feature-category | recognize visual object or scene |
stream-shroud | hear auditory object or stream |
spectral-pitch-and-timbre | recognize auditory object or stream |
item-list | recognize speech and language |
cognitive-emotional | feel emotion and know its source |
B | excitable sites |
xi(t) | excited sites (activity, potential) |
B - xi(t) | unexcited sites |
bottom-up filters | top-down expectations | purpose |
instar learning | outstar learning | p200fig05.13 Expectations focus attention: [in, out]star often used to learn the adaptive weights. top-down expectations to select, amplify, and synchronize expected patterns of critical features, while suppressing unexpected features |
LGN Lateral Geniculate Nucleus | V1 cortical area | p192fig05.06 focus attention on expected critical features |
EC-III entorhinal stripe cells | CA1 hippocampal place cells | p600fig16.36 entorhinal-hippocampal system has properties of an ART spatial category learning system, with hippocampal place cells as the spatial categories |
auditory orienting arousal | auditory category | p215fig05.28 How a mismatch between bottom-up and top-down patterns can trigger activation of the orienting system A and, with it, a burst of nonspecific arousal to the category level. ART Matching Rule: TD mismatch can suppress a part of F1 STM pattern, F2 is reset if degree of match < vigilance |
auditory stream with/without [silence, noise] gaps | perceived sound continues? | p419fig12.17 The auditory continuity illusion: Backwards in time - How does a future sound let past sound continue through noise? Resonance! |
visual perception, learning and recognition of visual object categories | motion perception, spatial representation and target tracking | p520fig14.02 pART predictive Adaptive Resonance Theory. Many adaptive synapses are bidirectional, thereby supporting synchronous resonant dynamics among multiple cortical regions. The output signals from the basal ganglia that regulate reinforcement learning and gating of multiple cortical areas are not shown. red - cognitive-emotional dynamics green - working memory dynamics black - see [bottom-up, top-down] lists |
EEG with mismatch, arousal, and STM reset events | expected [P120, N200, P300] event-related potentials (ERPs) | p211fig05.21 Sequences of P120, N200, and P300 event-related potentials (ERPs) occur during oddball learning EEG experiments under conditions that ART predicted should occur during sequences of mismatch, arousal, and STM reset events, respectively. |
Cognitive | Emotional | p541fig15.02 nSTART neurotrophic Spectrally Timed Adaptive Resonance Theory: Hippocampus can sustain a Cognitive-Emotional resonance: that can support "the feeling of what happens" and knowing what event caused that feeling. Hippocampus enables adaptively timed learning that can bridge a trace conditioning gap, or other temporal gap between Conditioned Stimuluus (CS) and Unconditioned Stimulus (US). |
white | general microcircuit : a possible component of ART architecture |
lime green | sensory perception [attention, expectation, learn]. Table includes [see, hear, !!*must add touch example*!!], no Grossberg [smell, taste] yet? |
light blue | post-perceptual cognition? |
pink | "the feeling of what happens" and knowing what event caused that feeling |
bottom-up filters | top-down expectations | purpose |
instar learning | outstar learning | p200fig05.13 Expectations focus attention: [in, out]star often used to learn the adaptive weights. top-down expectations to select, amplify, and synchronize expected patterns of critical features, while suppressing unexpected features |
LGN Lateral Geniculate Nucleus | V1 cortical area | p192fig05.06 focus attention on expected critical features |
EC-III entorhinal stripe cells | CA1 hippocampal place cells | p600fig16.36 entorhinal-hippocampal system has properties of an ART spatial category learning system, with hippocampal place cells as the spatial categories |
auditory orienting arousal | auditory category | p215fig05.28 How a mismatch between bottom-up and top-down patterns can trigger activation of the orienting system A and, with it, a burst of nonspecific arousal to the category level. ART Matching Rule: TD mismatch can suppress a part of F1 STM pattern, F2 is reset if degree of match < vigilance |
auditory stream with/without [silence, noise] gaps | perceived sound continues? | p419fig12.17 The auditory continuity illusion: Backwards in time - How does a future sound let past sound continue through noise? Resonance! |
visual perception, learning and recognition of visual object categories | motion perception, spatial representation and target tracking | p520fig14.02 pART predictive Adaptive Resonance Theory. Many adaptive synapses are bidirectional, thereby supporting synchronous resonant dynamics among multiple cortical regions. The output signals from the basal ganglia that regulate reinforcement learning and gating of multiple cortical areas are not shown. red - cognitive-emotional dynamics green - working memory dynamics black - see [bottom-up, top-down] lists |
EEG with mismatch, arousal, and STM reset events | expected [P120, N200, P300] event-related potentials (ERPs) | p211fig05.21 Sequences of P120, N200, and P300 event-related potentials (ERPs) occur during oddball learning EEG experiments under conditions that ART predicted should occur during sequences of mismatch, arousal, and STM reset events, respectively. |
Cognitive | Emotional | p541fig15.02 nSTART neurotrophic Spectrally Timed Adaptive Resonance Theory: Hippocampus can sustain a Cognitive-Emotional resonance: that can support "the feeling of what happens" and knowing what event caused that feeling. Hippocampus enables adaptively timed learning that can bridge a trace conditioning gap, or other temporal gap between Conditioned Stimuluus (CS) and Unconditioned Stimulus (US). |
white | general microcircuit : a possible component of ART architecture |
lime green | sensory perception [attention, expectation, learn]. Table includes [see, hear, !!*must add touch example*!!], no Grossberg [smell, taste] yet? |
light blue | post-perceptual cognition? |
pink | "the feeling of what happens" and knowing what event caused that feeling |
WHAT | WHERE |
spatially-invariant object learning and recognition | spatially-variant reaching and movement |
fast learning without catastrophic forgetting | continually update sensory-motor maps and gains |
IT InterferoTemporal Cortex | PPC Posterior Parietal Cortex |
What | Where | |
matching | excitatory | inhibitory |
learning | match | mismatch |
VISUAL | seeing, knowing, and reaching |
AUDITORY | hearing, knowing, and speaking |
EMOTIONAL | feeling, knowing, and acting |
retinal layers | cellular composition |
inner limiting membrane | |
retinal nerve fibre | ganglion nerve fibres |
ganglion cell | ganglion |
inner plexiform | amacrine |
inner nuclear | horizontal |
outer plexiform | |
outer limiting membrane | |
photoreceptor | rod |
photoreceptor | cone |
retinal pigment epithelium |
f | Xi(∞)= xi(∞)/sum[j: xj(∞)] | x(∞) |
linear | perfect storage of any pattern | amplifies noise (or no storage) |
slower-than-linear | saturates | amplifies noise |
faster-than-linear | chooses max [winner-take-all, Bayesian], categorical perception | suppresses noise, [normalizes, quantizes] total activity, finite state machine |
B | excitable sites |
xi(t) | excited sites (activity, potential) |
B - xi(t) | unexcited sites |
Ordering: Stimulus (S) probe location * | cells in V2 response? |
...(S)*... | YES |
...*...(S) | NO |
(S)...*... | NO |
(S)...*...(S) | YES |
(S)...*... (more contrast) | NO |
(S)...*.....(S) | YES |
few lines | wide spacing, inputs outside spatial range of competition, more inputs cause higher bipole activity |
more lines | narrower spacing, slightly weakens net input to bipoles from each inducer |
increasing line density | causes inhibition to reduce net total input to bipoles |
bottom-up filters | top-down expectations | purpose |
instar learning | outstar learning | p200fig05.13 Expectations focus attention: [in, out]star often used to learn the adaptive weights. top-down expectations to select, amplify, and synchronize expected patterns of critical features, while suppressing unexpected features |
LGN Lateral Geniculate Nucleus | V1 cortical area | p192fig05.06 focus attention on expected critical features |
EC-III entorhinal stripe cells | CA1 hippocampal place cells | p600fig16.36 entorhinal-hippocampal system has properties of an ART spatial category learning system, with hippocampal place cells as the spatial categories |
auditory orienting arousal | auditory category | p215fig05.28 How a mismatch between bottom-up and top-down patterns can trigger activation of the orienting system A and, with it, a burst of nonspecific arousal to the category level. ART Matching Rule: TD mismatch can suppress a part of F1 STM pattern, F2 is reset if degree of match < vigilance |
auditory stream with/without [silence, noise] gaps | perceived sound continues? | p419fig12.17 The auditory continuity illusion: Backwards in time - How does a future sound let past sound continue through noise? Resonance! |
visual perception, learning and recognition of visual object categories | motion perception, spatial representation and target tracking | p520fig14.02 pART predictive Adaptive Resonance Theory. Many adaptive synapses are bidirectional, thereby supporting synchronous resonant dynamics among multiple cortical regions. The output signals from the basal ganglia that regulate reinforcement learning and gating of multiple cortical areas are not shown. red - cognitive-emotional dynamics green - working memory dynamics black - see [bottom-up, top-down] lists |
EEG with mismatch, arousal, and STM reset events | expected [P120, N200, P300] event-related potentials (ERPs) | p211fig05.21 Sequences of P120, N200, and P300 event-related potentials (ERPs) occur during oddball learning EEG experiments under conditions that ART predicted should occur during sequences of mismatch, arousal, and STM reset events, respectively. |
Cognitive | Emotional | p541fig15.02 nSTART neurotrophic Spectrally Timed Adaptive Resonance Theory: Hippocampus can sustain a Cognitive-Emotional resonance: that can support "the feeling of what happens" and knowing what event caused that feeling. Hippocampus enables adaptively timed learning that can bridge a trace conditioning gap, or other temporal gap between Conditioned Stimuluus (CS) and Unconditioned Stimulus (US). |
white | general microcircuit : a possible component of ART architecture |
lime green | sensory perception [attention, expectation, learn]. Table includes [see, hear, !!*must add touch example*!!], no Grossberg [smell, taste] yet? |
light blue | post-perceptual cognition? |
pink | "the feeling of what happens" and knowing what event caused that feeling |